[ Java 常見問題 ] How do I make a JAR from a .java

Source From Here 
Question 
How to make a JAR from .java without help of IDE by javac and jar? Consider we have below files: 

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1. # tree ./  
2. ./  
3. ├── bin  
4. ├── libs  
5. │   └── commons-cli-1.4.jar  
6. └── src  
7.     └── Hello.java  
8.   
9. 3 directories, 2 files  

I want to compile Hello.java and archive it to jar "Hello.jar". 

How-To 
First at all, let's compile Hello.java: 

// -cp  Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
// -d  Specify where to place generated class files
# javac -cp libs/commons-cli-1.4.jar -d bin/ src/*.java

Then it is time to archive *.class into Hello.jar: 

// -c create new archive
// -v generate verbose output on standard output
// -f specify archive file name
// -C change to the specified directory and include the following file
# jar -cvf Hello.jar -C bin/ .
added manifest
adding: Hello.class(in = 1580) (out= 839)(deflated 46%)

Finally, let's test the jar: 

# java -cp libs/commons-cli-1.4.jar:Hello.jar Hello -n 'John'
Hello John!

Supplement 
* javac - Java programming language compiler 
* jar - Manipulates Java Archive (JAR) files.