[ Git 常見問題 ] 使用 LFS 解決GitHub上無法上傳大文件問題

Source From Here
Question
今天使用的 GitHub上傳幾個比較大的 檔案，有的大小超過 100MB了，結果 GitHub 的報錯提示無法上傳大於 100MB 的文件:

# fallocate -l 55M 55M.img // Create large file
# ls -hl
total 56M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 55M Oct 1 21:40 55M.img
...
# git add 55M.img
# git commit -m 'Upload large file >50M'
[master faa8827] Upload large file >50M
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 55M.img

# git push
...
remote: warning: File 55M.img is 55.00 MB; this is larger than GitHub's recommended maximum file size of 50.00 MB
To https://github.com/johnklee/GitPro
b4d43a3..faa8827 master -> master

# fallocate -l 105M 105M.img // Create large file > 100M
# ls -hl 105M.img
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 105M Oct 1 21:47 105M.img

# git add 105M.img
# git commit -m 'Add large file > 100M'
[master ce928ef] Add large file > 100M
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 105M.img

# git push
...
remote: error: File 105M.img is 105.00 MB; this exceeds GitHub's file size limit of 100.00 MB
To https://github.com/johnklee/GitPro
! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/johnklee/GitPro'

仔細看了下報錯信息，發現可以使用 GitHub 的 LFS（大文件存儲）服務來實現上傳大文件。

GitHub LFS 簡介
GitHub LFS 是一個開源的 Git 擴展，可以讓 Git 追踪大文件的版本信息。


如何使用 GitHub LFS 讓 Git 處理大文件
請參考下面步驟:

安裝
請參考 這裡 選擇屬於自己 OS 的安裝方式 (這邊使用 CentOS):

# sudo yum install epel-release
# curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/github/git-lfs/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash
...
Generating yum cache for github_git-lfs...
Importing GPG key 0xDC282033:
Userid : "https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs (https://packagecloud.io/docs#gpg_signing) "
Fingerprint: 6d39 8dbd 30dd 7894 1e2c 4797 fe2a 5f8b dc28 2033
From : https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/gpgkey
Generating yum cache for github_git-lfs-source...

The repository is setup! You can now install packages.

# sudo yum install -y git-lfs
# git lfs install
Updated git hooks.
Git LFS initialized.

用 git lfs 管理大文件
用 git lfs track 命令跟踪特定后缀的大文件，或者也可以直接编辑 .gitattributes，类似与.gitignore文件的编写:

# git lfs track "*.img"
"*.img" already supported

# cat .gitattributes
*.bin filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
*.img filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

接下来就可以像平时使用 git 那样正常使用了，可以将大文件提交到 GitHub 了

# echo 'test' >> 105M.img

# gis
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
# (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: 105M.img
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

# git add -u
# git commit -m 'Update 105M.img'
# git push // This time, you can see message indicating the usage of LFS
Uploading LFS objects: 100% (1/1), 110 MB | 9.7 MB/s, done
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 388 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), completed with 1 local object.
To https://github.com/johnklee/GitPro
faa8827..bb134c5 master -> master

Supplement
* FAQ - Linux / UNIX: Create Large 1GB Binary Image File With dd Command