[ Python 常見問題 ] How to print without newline or space?

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Question
In Python print will add a \n or a space, how can I avoid that? Now, it's just an example. Don't tell me I can first build a string then print it. I'd like to know how to "append" strings to stdout.

How-To

General way
Leverage model sys to directly output message to stdout:

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1. import sys  
2. sys.stdout.write('.')  

You may also need to call

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1. sys.stdout.flush()  

to ensure stdout is flushed immediately.

Python 2.6+
From Python 2.6 you can import the print function from Python 3:

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1. from __future__ import print_function  

This allows you to use the Python 3 solution below.

Python 3
In Python 3, the print statement has been changed into a function. In Python 3, you can instead do:

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1. print('.', end='')  

This also works in Python 2, provided that you've used from __future__ import print_function. If you are having trouble with buffering, you can flush the output by adding flush=True keyword argument:

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1. print('.', end='', flush=True)  

This message was edited 3 times. Last update was at 20/05/2017 10:48:14