[ Python 常見問題 ] Python pexpect - TIMEOUT falls into traceback and exists

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Question
I'm new to python-pexpect. In Tcl/expect when I hit a timeout - I would respond with message and exit the function. I have tried to experiment with similar response using sample code posted as Below:
- test.py

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1. #!/usr/bin/env python  
2.   
3. """This runs 'ls -l' on a remote host using SSH. At the prompts enter hostname,  
4. user, and password.  
5.   
6. $Id$  
7. """  
8.   
9. import pexpect  
10. import getpass, os  
11.   
12. def ssh_command (user, host, password, command):  
13.   
14.     """This runs a command on the remote host. This could also be done with the  
15. pxssh class, but this demonstrates what that class does at a simpler level.  
16. This returns a pexpect.spawn object. This handles the case when you try to  
17. connect to a new host and ssh asks you if you want to accept the public key  
18. fingerprint and continue connecting. """  
19.   
20.     ssh_newkey = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'  
21.     child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l %s %s %s'%(user, host, command))  
22.     i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_newkey, 'password: '])  
23.     if i == 0: # Timeout  
24.         print 'ERROR!'  
25.         print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'  
26.         print child.before, child.after  
27.         return None  
28.     if i == 1: # SSH does not have the public key. Just accept it.  
29.         child.sendline ('yes')  
30.         child.expect ('password: ')  
31.         i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'password: '])  
32.         if i == 0: # Timeout  
33.             print 'ERROR!'  
34.             print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'  
35.             print child.before, child.after  
36.             return None         
37.     child.sendline(password)  
38.     return child  
39.   
40. def main ():  
41.   
42.     host = raw_input('Hostname: ')  
43.     user = raw_input('User: ')  
44.     password = getpass.getpass('Password: ')  
45.     child = ssh_command (user, host, password, '/bin/ls -l')  
46.     child.expect(pexpect.EOF)  
47.     print child.before  
48.   
49. if __name__ == '__main__':  
50.     try:  
51.         main()  
52.     except Exception, e:  
53.         print str(e)  
54.         traceback.print_exc()  
55.         os._exit(1)  

I based on this code above - if I give a bogus password, I would expect this to just timeout, print "ERROR!", and exit program. But when I run it - goes into a 'Traceback output , can someone help me to get the program to print "ERROR" and exit program gracefully.

How-To
First off, you should import traceback, so if there is an unexpected error in the program, traceback.print_exc() will work.

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1. import getpass, os, traceback  

I also created a die() function so that ssh gets closed when the program quits.

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1. def die(child, errstr):  
2.     print errstr  
3.     print child.before, child.after  
4.     child.terminate()  
5.     exit(1)  

Delete this line, since it was probably left there by mistake after adding the correct command on the next line:

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1. child.expect ('password: ')  

The correct line (which handles timeouts) is:

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1. i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'password: '])  

then replace this:

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1. child.expect(pexpect.EOF)  
2. print child.before  

with this:

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1. i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'Permission denied', pexpect.EOF])  
2. if i == 0:  
3.     die(child, 'ERROR!\nSSH timed out. Here is what SSH said:')  
4. elif i == 1:  
5.     die(child, 'ERROR!\nIncorrect password Here is what SSH said:')  
6. elif i == 2:  
7.     print child.before  

This change will tell the program to detect a bad password, or to timeout gracefully if there is unknown input, instead of raising an exception. Note that if your command runs longer than the default timeout duration, it will be aborted before it finishes. You'll have to set 'timeout' as you call expect() in order to fix that.
Also returning 'None' after a timeout isn't useful. Instead, call die() which will call exit(1):

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1. die(child, 'error message')  

This is the final code:

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1. #!/usr/bin/env python  
2.   
3. """This runs 'ls -l' on a remote host using SSH. At the prompts enter hostname,  
4. user, and password.  
5.   
6. $Id$  
7. """  
8.   
9. import pexpect  
10. import getpass, os, traceback  
11.   
12. def ssh_command (user, host, password, command):  
13.   
14.     """This runs a command on the remote host. This could also be done with the  
15. pxssh class, but this demonstrates what that class does at a simpler level.  
16. This returns a pexpect.spawn object. This handles the case when you try to  
17. connect to a new host and ssh asks you if you want to accept the public key  
18. fingerprint and continue connecting. """  
19.   
20.     ssh_newkey = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'  
21.     child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l %s %s %s'%(user, host, command))  
22.     i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_newkey, 'password: '])  
23.     if i == 0: # Timeout  
24.         die(child, 'ERROR!\nSSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:')  
25.     if i == 1: # SSH does not have the public key. Just accept it.  
26.         child.sendline ('yes')  
27.         i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'password: '])  
28.         if i == 0: # Timeout  
29.             die(child, 'ERROR!\nSSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:')  
30.     child.sendline(password)  
31.     return child  
32.   
33. def die(child, errstr):  
34.     print errstr  
35.     print child.before, child.after  
36.     child.terminate()  
37.     exit(1)  
38.   
39. def main ():  
40.   
41.     host = raw_input('Hostname: ')  
42.     user = raw_input('User: ')  
43.     password = getpass.getpass('Password: ')  
44.     child = ssh_command (user, host, password, '/bin/ls -l')  
45.   
46.     i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'Permission denied', pexpect.EOF])  
47.     if i == 0:  
48.         die(child, 'ERROR!\nSSH timed out. Here is what SSH said:')  
49.     elif i == 1:  
50.         die(child, 'ERROR!\nIncorrect password Here is what SSH said:')  
51.     elif i == 2:  
52.         print child.before  
53.   
54. if __name__ == '__main__':  
55.     try:  
56.         main()  
57.     except Exception, e:  
58.         print str(e)  
59.         traceback.print_exc()  
60.         os._exit(1)